The order
- Clean up. Remove hum, hiss and room noise first, so later steps do not amplify them.
- High-pass filter. Around 80 to 100 Hz, to remove thump.
- De-ess. Before compression, so it reacts to the real sibilance.
- EQ. Remove mud around 200 to 400 Hz and add presence where the words need clarity.
- Compression. Even out the loud and quiet words so the lyric stays clear.
- Pitch correction, only if the performance needs it, and set to be transparent.
- Saturation for warmth, lightly.
- Reverb and delay on sends, so the space sits behind the voice and the dry vocal stays clear.
Why the order matters
Put the compressor before the de-esser and it lifts the S sounds along with everything else, so the de-esser has to work harder and sounds worse. Put reverb before compression and the tail gets squashed. Keep the chain in order and each step has a clean input.
Limits
This is a starting point, not a rule. Some voices need less processing, and some styles use more. Change one step at a time, and bypass each to hear what it does.
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Frequently asked questions
Do I need every step?
No. Many rap vocals need only cleanup, de-essing, compression and a little reverb.
Where should pitch correction go?
After compression and before the colour and space, so it works on a clean, even signal.
Should reverb be on the vocal track?
Usually on a send, so you can control how much space sits behind the voice.
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