The short version- Normalising changes the whole file by a single amount.
- Peak normalisation sets the highest peak, and does not measure loudness.
- Loudness normalisation matches a target, measured in LUFS.
- Use loudness for the final level, and peak only as a safety check.
The short definition
Normalising raises or lowers a file by one amount so that a chosen measure reaches a target. The shape of the sound is unchanged; only the level moves.
Peak and loudness
Peak normalisation looks at the highest sample. Loudness normalisation looks at the average over time. Two files normalised to the same peak can feel very different in loudness.
Which to use
For a final level, loudness. For a check that nothing will clip, the true peak. The normalising how-to has the steps.
Free tools for this
Frequently asked questions
Does normalising improve the sound?
No. It changes the level only.
Is peak normalising wrong?
Not wrong, but it does not measure how loud a file feels.
Should I normalise before cleanup?
After. Clean first, then set the level.
Keep going
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