Bleed is the sound of the backing track or the other instruments picked up by the vocal microphone. It makes the recording muddy, and it makes the vocal harder to clean. The fix is usually simple, but it depends on the setup, so check where the sound is leaking from.
Why it happens
A microphone picks up any sound in the room, including the sound from speakers. If you sing with the backing played through speakers, the microphone hears it clearly. Headphones can bleed too, especially at high levels or when they are open-back, because the sound leaks out of the ear cups.
Use closed-back headphones
Closed-back headphones seal the sound inside the ear cups, so less of it reaches the microphone. They are the standard choice for recording a voice over a backing track. Check the fit, so the seal is good, and keep the cable away from the microphone.
Lower the level
Set the headphones to a moderate level. If you have to turn up the backing to hear it, the bleed will be louder. A quieter backing with a good headphone seal is better than a loud one with leakage.
Move the microphone
Place the microphone on the side away from the headphones, and angle it so the front, the voice side, faces you. A microphone that points toward the headphones picks up more bleed. A small move can make a big difference.
Test and check
Record a short test with the backing on, and listen on headphones. Check for a faint version of the backing under your voice. If you hear it clearly, lower the level, move the microphone or change the headphones.
Limits
Some bleed is hard to avoid completely, especially in a small room. Clean what remains gently, and use a clean backing track where you can. For a multi-track recording, the bleed can be dealt with later, but it is always easier to prevent it.
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Frequently asked questions
Can I use speakers for the backing?
It is harder. Speakers bleed into the microphone, so use closed-back headphones where you can.
Are open-back headphones bad for recording?
They leak sound, so they are better for listening than for recording a voice over a backing.
How do I know if bleed is a problem?
Record a test with the backing on, then listen for the backing under your voice.
Can I remove bleed later?
Partly. It is much easier to prevent it at the start than to clean it afterwards.
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